- most commonly seen in TV documentaries rather than film documentaries
- usually includes a voiceover narration that is commenting on he images and explaining what is happening
- the aim of this type of documentary is to inform the audience about something that they are not familiar with and will develop an argument - it is not objective
Observational Documentary
- referred to as "fly-on-the-wall"
- attempts to present the world as it is
- uses long takes, hand-held camera shots but has no interviews or voiceovers
- audience should not be aware of the filmmaker
Participatory (interactive) Documentary
- filmmaker is in the foreground making it explicit that the film is made from their point of view
- filmmaker is often the central charter in the film with the emphasis on their interactions
- includes voiceovers, hand-held camera and emphasis on informal interviews
Reflexive Documentary
- investigates the relationship between the real world and the way in which documentaries work
- reveals how documentaries are produced as representations based on the construction and manipulation of the image
Performative Documentary
- investigates the relationship between the real world and the way in which documentaries work
- takes the reflexive idea further
- challenges the idea of documentary truth, emphasising instead on the process of film language
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